How does William Shakespeare create tension Essay Example for Free

How does William Shakespeare create tension Essay From the minute the play starts the audience are aware that the star crossed lovers Romeo and Juliet are going to die, this makes it clear that the play is a tragedy. A Tragedy is a traditional form of theatre where the main characters in the play die as a result of their tragic flaw, for example in the tragedy play Macbeth, Macbeths vaulting ambition leads him to his death. Romeo and Juliets flaw is the powerful love between them and it means their relationship has to be secret and this leads to Mercutio being killed by Tybalt and Romeo then killing Tybalt. The consequences of Romeo revenging Mercutios death by killing Tybalt means he is banished upon death. When the play was written Romeo and Juliet was already a well known story but the version that William Shakespeare borrowed did not include the love theme William Shakespeare added the love theme into the story. The play Romeo and Juliet was written in 1594, and in this time women particularly were under their parents influence and there was no free choice on who you could marry. Teenage Rebellion was unthinkable because your parents would kick you out and in this time a woman was unable to get a job and with no money it would be hard to find a husband; this is why Romeo and Juliets marriage was secret. How a play is structured is an important way of creating tension for the audience like in Act 1 of Romeo and Juliet it introduces the theme of love and hate between the two families Montague and Capulet. There is also a fight between the two familys servants because they hate each other but Tybalt (Capulet) turns up and the fight becomes even bigger than before. The reason Shakespeare kills off Mercutio and Tybalt in Act 3 is that now all the action can focus on Romeo and Juliet. In the scene were Mercutio is slain, this point is often looked at as the points were the play becomes a tragedy. If Romeo hadnt avenged Mercutios death the outcome would have been very different and Romeo and Juliets actions from this point are due to this scene. Having themes run throughout a play is another way of creating tension for the audience. This scene (Act3 scene 1) contains the theme of passion, when Benvolio is advising Mercutio to leave the area where the Capulets are  going to arrive but Mercutio is ready for a fight and is going to stay no matter what. Benvolio says for now these hot-days is the mad blood stirring. This means that the hot weather has shortened peoples tempers including Mercutios. When Tybalt arrives and Tybalt and Mercutio start to fighting. Romeo accidentally gets in the way and Mercutio is struck by Tybalts sword, it is a mortal wound which kills him. As Mercutio is dying he says A plague on both your houses. After Mercutio dies and Romeo kills Tybalt, Romeo starts crying and this is a passionate cry emphasises the way he is losing the control of his destiny and is subject to fate. This creates tension because the audience know the final outcome from the start. Shakespeare was a master of characterisation, the characters in this scene have been skilfully created previously and act exactly how the audience expect them to, based on their previous behaviour, such as at the party Mercutio is showing off, he is loud full of himself and hot tempered this shows that it is Mercutios nature to fight and not back down. Also Mercutio cannot stand Romeos capitulation towards the Capulets and this angers him even more Mercutio also says O calm, dis honourable, vile, submission and this creates tension because Mercutio forces the fight on Tybalt. In a play which would be performed to an audience who could barely read and write, it was important for Shakespeare to include rich metaphors and poetry which would entertain and stimulate them; his language is littered with deeper meanings and puns. For example when Benvolio says for now these hot days the mad blood stirring this means that the hot weather has shortened peoples tempers and they are more likely to snap and start a fight, this line adds tension as well because there is going to be a big fight but Mercutios short snappy sentences show that he is ready to fight and it creates tension and anticipation to see Tybalt and Mercutio fight. The stage craft is a vital part of the tension in this scene where Shakespeare keeps the weather hot so it gets people irritable. Mercutio is in the mood for a fight because of the weather and he wants to cause to  cause trouble. Shakespeare makes Tybalt arrive before Romeo so he has a chance to tangle and mix with Mercutio. Shakespeare only makes the reasons why Romeo wont fight Tybalt to make Mercutio angry about Romeos capitulation towards the Capulet Family. To conclude, I feel that Shakespeare created tension in this scene through Mercutios anger towards Romeos capitulation and his hatred for the Capulet Family. Although if Mercutio had known about Romeo and Juliet his anger would not be so great. I found the play sad because two innocent characters had to die because of their flaw which was the powerful love between them which could not be broken and I also feel that another reason Romeo and Juliet died was the feud between the two families which was ended only when there children had died.

The Leadership Style of Donald Trump :: Charisma, Leadership

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Donald Trump is known for his eccentricity and unconventional businesses practices. He exhibits an unconventional leadership style. Donald Trump started early to develop his personal brand, this is exhibited by every piece of real estate Mr. Trump owns. Every casino, building or golf course has his name on it. He is eccentric, powerful, but yet he makes very smart business decisions. He is also a risk taker. All these business skills have made him a very well recognized business leader, and one of the nations most known billionaires. Donald Trump has appeared in many magazines, has written a couple of books, and even gotten his own show on NBC called â€Å"The Apprentice†. But what makes Donald Trump successful in almost every endeavor he takes on? Was he born a leader? or did he just become a great leader. There are certain characteristics common in all leaders. Some of those are values, skills and cognitive abilities. Mr. Trump exhibits all of these traits. If this is what h as made him as successful as he is, why are certain leaders not able to achieve his type of success? Perhaps he has something extra that has propelled him above everybody else. Everything that he touches seems to turn to gold. Donald Trump’s leadership styles have made him rich, powerful, famous and known through out the world. This paper will examine some of those leadership styles. Leadership traits   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Leadership research has not revealed a single trait that is possessed by all successful leaders, but a number of characteristics have been identified that are common to many of them†(Timpe, p.30, 1987). Leadership studies have not yielded one common trait possessed by all successful leaders, but they have identified a number of characteristics that are commonly found in successful leaders. And also displayed by Donald Trump Verbal Fluency This is not only having an extensive vocabulary, but also being able to speak in a manner that inspires and encourages. Being able to command attention from your audience is very important. When Mr. Trump speaks people listen. He is able to articulate and sell his ideas to you. He has had to do a lot of wheeling and dealing trying to acquire real estate, thus being able to persuade people by simply speaking is essential. Ability to Solve Problems   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Problem solving is another characteristics of effective leaders. You have to be able to care of situations when they arise.

Thesis Essay

Foremost, eating Exploders gave symptoms like food poisoning. My family's dies were rejecting the snack by both vomiting and having diarrhea. The whole family was up all night throwing up, gagging burping, and coughing, which lead to exhaustion because the Exploders made them so sick. It is weeks later, and many of the symptoms have continued. This creates the first major problem for your product, as well as gives me concerns for the health and well-being of my family. Studies show that, when children get sick from food, there is a 40% chance they will never eat again.My husband, who is a well-regarded doctor, said ‘the Exploders caused the illness and something eke this should never happen to the public. When you sell a product, it is the company's obligation to test it first so things like this don't happen to innocent consumers. † The word obligation informed me that you are required to check your product before selling it, when obviously, you did not. With everyone in my house sick from one serving of candy, it is hard to keep up with the kids' academic studies and after school activities. My children are falling behind because of consuming your product; that is unacceptable.If making my family sick was not enough, they taste atrocious and caused my family to gag. The flavor was not enjoyable and left a strange aftertaste. The package clearly stated a â€Å"guaranteed amazing fruity flavor that everyone loves. † When someone guarantees something that means it will always be true. This was not true for anyone that tried the candy, so it is not true. I do not know how anyone could enjoy the awful flavor. Although, the initial reaction to the â€Å"candy† gave me a laugh, it was unnecessary to make a food with such a horrendous taste. When people pop candy in their mouth, they expect a sweet, gratifying taste.They certainly do not expect something that tastes like the butt of an elephant. One of my children started crying and gagging when the Exploders first hit her tongue. â€Å"It burns my throat! † she screamed. Even my husband complained and choked out how gruesome these candy balls were and he never complains about â€Å"sweets. † Finally, Exploders permanently harms and damages the stomach and throat. Instead of just getting my husband's professional opinion, we got the viewpoint of an Audiologist's to assess our symptoms. He concludes that Exploders cause severe, permanent damage to your vocal chords and stomach lining.This is in no way acceptable and I demand that no one else as to go through being sick and harmed by your defective product. The juices from this â€Å"candy† hurt vital organs and could potentially kill someone. It is unacceptable that you have not removed the item from stores. I know I am not the first citizen to complain about your inferior product. You are putting your own customers in serious danger just to make a profit with your lame piece of candy. They cause pe rmanent damage to customers, make everyone sick, and taste terrible. Thesis Essay Romeos guilty pleasure. He does not actually like Juliet at this moment when they meet. He just wants to mend his broken heart by finding a new girl. He even goes far to say, ‘This love feel I, that no love in this' (1 . 1. 171) to show his feelings of being hurt. Romeo believes that no one loves him. This quote shows Romeos unstable emotions by his complete devastation over one girl. He either is very happy or very depressed there is no middle ground, or in other words, he is black and white. Another example where Romeo shows extreme behaviors is during Act II, scene II, â€Å"The Balcony Scene.In this scene Juliet is on her balcony fantasizing about Romeo. Romeo overhears her and they begin to talk about their love for each other. When Juliet starts to worry about their family rivalry Romeo says, ‘My life were better ended by their hate, Than death prorogued, wanting my love' (2. 1. 81-82). He is basically saying that he would rather die now than die later without Gull et's love. This is strange for someone to say after just meeting. After first seeing someone you would not want to risk your life for them. You would want to get to know the person before making such a bold statement.Romeo is not your average typical boy; he has extremities when it comes to his mood. Later on in the play, Romeo and Mercuric get into a fight with Table. There is one word that describes why this fight occurred in the first place, revenge. Revenge is the action of inflicting hurt or harm on someone for an injury or wrong suffering at their hands. Revenge is cruel by making people act differently than what they would do with a clear mind. For example, revenge made Romeo kill Table and this is the start of the big downfall. This is the moment where light and dark imagery start to switch, the climax of the play.From the Chorus at the beginning of the play, Romeo and Juliet are said to be â€Å"fated† to die, even Romeo says, ‘This days black fate on Moe days doth depend; this but begins the woe others must end' (3. 1. 1 10-111 This shows how people start to believe that death is the only solution to their problems. Light and dark imagery switch throughout the play once the climax was reached. In the beginning of the play, light was considered good and dark was considered bad. Now, after the climax, light is considered bad and dark is considered good. This would have to do with Romeos extreme actions by killing Table.Once Romeo kills Table he knows that he is going to face battles. His life was already miserable just by shooting Table, but then Romeo is faced with another obstacle. Juliet is â€Å"dead†. In actuality she just drinks a poison that keeps her dead for a few hours and then she wakes up. But Romeo does not know about this. He thinks she is actually dead. This is when his extreme emotions start to show again. NOTES- -Gullet's feelings for Romeo grow to the point where she feels her only escape is death- start to see her switch her mind process -He has strong feelings about every event that occurs throughout his life.

Mexicos Drug War Defined by Corruption - 1864 Words

Mexico s Drug War: Defined by Corruption The following publication is rife with manipulation and corruption of Mexico s highest regarded political positions and jurisdictions. Former Mexican President Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado officially declared drug trafficking a national security threat in early 1988. The United Nations estimate that 70% of the drugs flowing into the United States comes directly from Mexican drug trafficking cartels. Mexican cartels rely heavily on bribes and corruption as a means to infiltrate the Mexican political system. To the Mexican cartels, bribes and corruption is viewed as nothing more than, the cost of doing business. A study by the National Autonomous University in Mexico City found that†¦show more content†¦The changes in key government leadership positions have had significant implications on Mexico s drug trade business (Lupsha 1995). Take the example of one of Mexico s leading drug traffickers, Juan Garcia Abrego who is widely known as the inventor of Mexican drug traffi cking. Abrego s drug smuggling operations flourished under former President Salina s administration. When former President Zedillo entered office in December of 1994, Abrego lost the high-level protection provided under the former President Salina. Without this level of protection, Abregos influence in the drug trade industry decreased dramatically to the point of bankruptcy, in a traditional business sense. During this transformation, other well-connected cartels gained uncontested access to large drug trafficking corridors once controlled by Abrego. Despite Abregos deteriorating drug influence in Mexico, President Zedillo put a large bounty on him, making Abrego the most wanted drug smuggler in Mexico. Nevertheless, Abrego s eventual capture was highly celebrated by the United States as a sign of Mexico s increasing efforts and dedication to the elimination of illicit drug smuggling operations. In my opinion the example of Abrego s lost influence and highly celebrated capt ure directly relates to the politic rhetoric and corruption that is associated withShow MoreRelatedEssay Obstacles That Weaken Democracy 1652 Words   |  7 PagesDemocracy is defined as a government that is governed by the people, where the supreme power is in the hands of the people and is exercised through a system of representation done through free elections. It is easily defined and understood, but the true test is to follow through the people’s expectations and be capable to overcome obstacles a democracy might face. Mexico has recently celebrated its bicentennial representing their independence and the centennial of their revolution, although theyRead MoreViolence Against Women And Girls Essay1322 Words   |  6 Pagesemotional health of a woman or girl; some instances of extreme violence also lead to death. Due to the epidemic of gender-based homicides, the term ‘femicide’ became apparent. The term ‘femicide’ was coined by a woman named Ca rol Orlock, but was later defined in 2001 by an expert on violence against women and girls, Diana E. H. Russell. Femicide, as Diana defines it, is the killing of females by males because they are female†. Presented by the World Health Organization, the main types and prevalence ofRead MoreViolence Against Women And Girls Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesemotional health of a woman or girl; some instances of extreme violence also lead to death. Due to the epidemic of gender-based homicides, the term ‘femicide’ became apparent. 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Social and Racial Discrimination, the Legality of Possession and Use of Personal Weapons in the United States Free Essay Example, 1750 words

The juries should ensure all cases are handled with care and self-esteem to ensure justice on all occasions. The Suffolk County Grand Jury greatly lowered the pending charges against the 53-year-old man to the assassination of a murder of a 17-year-old by use of a gun. The jury advocated that the 53-year-old man took the step of shooting as a form of defending himself and his home. The defendant pleaded not guilty to the killing and weapon penalties that resulted in the death of Cicciaro. The defendant was charged by the grand jury due to the emotional charges and conflicting testimonies from witnesses who ostensibly stood by him by suggesting that the reckless act didn t happen intentionally. Where justice is needed, there must be a well-designed outcome for the case at hand. While Mr. White was taken to the jury room about the murder, lots of tension got in and several noises could be heard ( Whittle Erik 1). Larche one of the jury s together with others cast his vote that Mr. White is guilty about the charges while one of ten jury felt not convinced about the guilt charges sealing the fate of Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Social and Racial Discrimination, the Legality of Possession and Use of Personal Weapons in the United States or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now White. Larche concluded the process of a joke. The strong worship foundation of someone can make an individual, to tell the truth, or lies depending on the occurrence of certain activities. Mr. White as a strong Christian felt sorrow for the family and asked God for forgiveness for what he did. The 57-year-old man who was also a deacon felt sorrow at Faith Baptist Church in Coram talked forcefully about the case that fall on him about the murder of the Cicciaro. Mr. White emotionally talked about the horrors of prison (Nir 3). Mr. White as a Christian could describe prison as the upside-down kingdom where the right things can be proven wrong while the wrong can qualify to be right. The African American leaders later pushed for freedom of Mr. White. Governor Paterson and Rev. Al Sharpton made a big push for freedom of Mr. White even without consulting the family of Cicciaro.

Intrusive Images, Neural Mechanisms, And Treatment...

Intrusive Images and Why They Occur: A Summary When most people hear the word â€Å"psychology† they immediately think of the abnormal aspects associated with certain branches of psychology. In this article titled: Intrusive Images in Psychological Disorders: Characteristics, Neural Mechanisms, and Treatment Implications, we learn about involuntary images and memories that occur in the minds of patients who suffer from abnormal disorders such as PTSD, other anxiety disorders, eating disorders, depression, and psychosis. This article written by Chris R. Brewin, James D. Gregory, Michelle Lipton, and Neil Burgess describes the occurrence of intrusions in patients with these disorders, gives us a neural map of the occurrence in the different disorders, provides a revised dual representation theory of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discusses treatment implications associated with the new revised model to compare it with existing forms of psychological therapy. Characteristics â€Å"Intrusions are instances of involuntary or direct, as opposed to voluntary retrieval in that their appearance in consciousness is spontaneous rather than following a deliberate effort or search† (Brewin et al., 2010, p. 210). When speaking of intrusions, many think of them to be common as they often associate intrusions with involuntary remembering, but in this article, researchers focus on the intrusive images. What is mostly known of intrusive images comes from observation ofShow MoreRelatedTransdiagnostic Cbt5615 Words   |  23 Pagesthat the therapist will be highly trained in the use of the model to deliver the approach for each disorder (Salkovskis 2002). Disorder specific models are seen to be easily delivered, able to define a number of sessions, which have positive implications for health economics and seem to correlate with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Cognitive therapy models were developed traditionally on Ellis (1958) Beck’s (1976) theory, which asserts that distorted or dysfunctionalRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesIntelligence Systems 234 Knowledge Management Systems 237 Two Recent KMS Initiatives within a Pharmaceutical Firm KMS Success 240 Artificial Intelligence 241 Expert Systems 241 Obtaining an Expert System 242 Examples of Expert Systems 242 Neural Networks 244 Virtual Reality 245 Review Questions 250 †¢ Discussion Questions 250 †¢ Bibliography 251 Chapter 7 E-Business Systems 253 Brief History of the Internet E-Business Technologies 254 254 Legal and Regulatory Environment Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizations 20 †¢ Helping Employees Balance Work–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization

Inhibitors of Plasmodium Falciparum Phosphoethanolamine

Question: Discuss about the Inhibitors of Plasmodium Falciparum Phosphoethanolamine. Answer: Introduction: 4-aminoquinoline drug, used to treat malaria infection (Plasmodium ovale, P. vivax and P. malariae) (Na-Bangchang and Karbwang, 2009; Petersen, Eastman and Lanzer, 2011). Malaria parasite is present in its asexual stage in the red blood corpuscles (RBC) where it breaks hemoglobin, thereby releasing heme, which is converted to hemozoin. Chloroquine enters RBC and gets protonated and prevents hemozoin formation, thus causing buildup of heme protein. Then, chloroquine attaches to heme to form a toxic complex which disrupts the membrane function, thus leading to cell-lysis and eventually autodigestion of the parasite (Hempelmann, 2007; Lin et al., 2015). Its adverse effects include appetite distress, diarrhea, low RBC, muscular damage, vision problems, seizures, skin rash etc. (Michaelides et al., 2011; Murambiwa et al., 2011; Reich, Stnder and Szepietowski, 2009; Tnnesmann, Kandolf and Lewalter, 2013). The first incident of chloroquine-resistance falciparum was reported in 1950s; since then, various resistant forms have surfaced. Falciparum efficiently counteract the effects of chloroquine due to mutations in transporter (PfCRT) gene (Martin et al., 2009). Other genes involved in development of drug-resistance are ABC transporter multidrug-resistance (PfMDR1) and chloroquine-transporter CG2 protein (Tripathi, 2013). Chloroquine has been the drug of choice for unconfirmed cases of malaria or vivax infection. But chances of developing drug-resistance are higher due to improper drug use. So, one must consider the chances of increase of chloroquine-resistant vivax infection in Pakistan (Price et al., 2014). The appearance of the F1076L mutation in pvmdr1 gene in Pakistan, responsible for drug-resistance in vivax in 2013 draws attention to the looming threat of resistance development (Khattak et al., 2013; Waheed et al., 2015). Amodiaquine - It is another drug of 4-aminoquinoline category, used against uncomplicated reports of falciparum malaria. It is highly recommended in combination with artesunate to decrease the risk of drug-resistance (Bobenchik et al., 2010; WHO, 2015), but is usually not prescribed due to its rare but severe adverse effects. Some adverse effects include decrease in blood cell or hepatic distress and at high doses, it may cause cardiac arrest, headaches, seizures, and troubled vision (Nair et al., 2012; Olliaro and Mussano, 2016; Tagbor, Chandramohan, and Greenwood, 2007). It has become a chief drug used along with artensunate in uncomplicated case of falciparum infection and is a frequently chosen alternative to chloroquine, due to its affordability and efficacy against chloroquine-resistant species in Pakistan. It is extensively preferred for the management of vivax and falciparum infection. Yet, there were reports of cross-resistance between chloroquine and amodiaquine in the Sout h Asian region (Hay et al., 2009). Sulfadoxine + Pyrimethamine - The combination of sulfadoxine (sulfonamide) and pyrimethamine (antiprotozoal) is used against malaria infection (WHO, 2008) in combination with other antimalarial drugs. Sulfonamide acts by competing with the p-amino benzoic acid during folate synthesis while the pyrimethamine selectively inhibits the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme present in protozoa, thus stopping the production of tetrahydrofolate. Combined treatment of the two drugs was approved in 1981 for use in USA and is now present on the List of Essential Medicines released by the WHO (WHO, 2015). It is more successful in the management of falciparum infection and undiagnosed malaria cases (Leslie et al., 2007). Yet, it is not recommended as a routine drug owing to its adverse effects, but simply to manage severe malaria or in areas where other medicaments are ineffective. Adverse effects include headache, rash, diarrhea, hair loss, abdominal cramps, aplastic anemia, atrophic glossitis, fever, hepatic inflammation, liver necrosis, renal toxicity, photosensitivity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, weight loss etc. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) - It is the procedure of spraying the indoors of a closed facility with insecticides to eradicate mosquitoes that carry malaria infection. Insecticides are sprayed on the inner walls so that the mosquitoes can be killed or kept at bay which prevents the transmission of malaria infection (Aregawi et al., 2009). Earlier, it was only recommended for vicinities with sporadic infection of malaria, but in 2006 it started advocating the use of IRS in regions of endemic, and stable malaria infection (van den Berg , 2009). According to the Cochrane review, IRS is a successful strategy for decreasing malaria infection (Pluess et al., 2010). But only a handful of studies have evaluated the economical aspects of IRS with any other means of controlling malaria infection (Yukich et al., 2008). Yet with respect to the usage of a variety of pesticides, DDT has been thought to be the cost effective, since it last for longer time thus reducing the frequency of spraying. Yet, studies on cost effectiveness and adverse effects of pesticides use on human and environment health are still less. Another aspect to be considered is that almost 80% of dwellings must be sprayed with pesticides for IRS to be effective (WHO, 2006) otherwise the program wont be a success. People are often more resistant towards DDT spray due to its smell or stains on the inner walls (Mabaso, Sharp Lengeler, 2004; Thurow, 2001). In that case, pyrethroid insecticides are more satisfactory as they dont leave any visible residues. Malathion spraying in the North West Frontier Province in Pakistan provided protective efficacy of 52.5% against falciparum infection while 40.5% against vivax infection. The vector (Anopheles stephensi) is identified as resistant to malathion in the region, and changing from malathion to another insecticide, lambda-cyhalothrin for spraying increased the protection efficacy. Conversely, a constant malathion spraying drive decreased the frequency of malari a infection, when used along with ITNs by almost 90% in Pakistan. It was estimated that the spraying plans would be economical than the use of ITNs (Rowland et al., 1997a; Rowland et al., 1997b; Rowland, 1999). Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) Mosquito bed-nets which are previously treated with insecticides (ITNs) were first made for malaria prevention in the 1980s. They are presumed to be twice as efficient as common bed-nets, and almost 70% more effective than having no net (Bachou et al., 2006). These nets are dipped in a pyrethroid insecticide (permethrin or) which aids in killing or repelling the mosquitoes. For maximum efficiency, ITNs must be dipped in pesticides after every six months. But, it poses a considerable logistical setback in rural parts. So, now latest ITNs with long lasting insecticides (Long lasting insecticidal nets [LLINs]) have replaced the older versions in many nations (Masum et al., 2010). ITNs have been demonstrated to be cost-efficient effective in malaria prevention (WHO, 2013). ITNs defend people who sleep under them and concurrently kill mosquitoes that get in touch with the nets. It offers some security to others sleeping in the same vicinity but without a net. But, studies have also sugge sted that transmission of disease may be aggravated with the loss of insecticidal property of bed-nets. Also, those who are not using ITN near the net users might experience elevated bites as mosquitoes get deflected from the non fatal ITN users. This could augment the malaria transmission in densely populated areas (Yakob Guiyun, 2009). In the North West Frontier Province, Pakistan, the permethrin-treated bed-nets offered a protective efficacy of 61% against falciparum infection while 47% against vivax infection (Rowland et al., 1997a; Rowland et al., 1997b; Rowland, 1999). References Aregawi, M., Cibulskis, R.E., Otten, M. and Williams, R., 2009.World malaria report 2009. World Health Organization. Bachou, H., Tylleskr, T., Kaddu-Mulindwa, D.H. and Tumwine, J.K., 2006. Bacteraemia among severely malnourished children infected and uninfected with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 in Kampala, Uganda.BMC infectious diseases,6(1), p.160. Bobenchik, A.M., Choi, J.Y., Mishra, A., Rujan, I.N., Hao, B., Voelker, D.R., Hoch, J.C. and Mamoun, C.B., 2010. Identification of inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase using an enzyme-coupled transmethylation assay.BMC biochemistry,11(1), p.4. Hay, S.I., Guerra, C.A., Gething, P.W., Patil, A.P., Tatem, A.J., Noor, A.M., Kabaria, C.W., Manh, B.H., Elyazar, I.R., Brooker, S. and Smith, D.L., 2009. A world malaria map: Plasmodium falciparum endemicity in 2007.PLoS Med,6(3), p.e1000048. Hempelmann, E., 2007. Hemozoin biocrystallization in Plasmodium falciparum and the antimalarial activity of crystallization inhibitors.Parasitology research,100(4), pp.671-676. 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